Bulging Disc

An intervertebral disc sits between the bones (vertebrae) of the spine and serves as a cushion to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine. Over time, these discs can begin to weaken or lose their shape due to aging, repetitive strain, or injury. A bulging disc occurs when the disc protrudes outward beyond its normal boundary, often without tearing or rupturing the outer layer. This condition is sometimes referred to as a protruding disc and is different from a herniated disc, which typically involves a break in the disc's outer layer.

In many cases, a bulging disc does not cause symptoms and may go unnoticed. However, if the bulging portion of the disc presses on nearby spinal nerves, it can lead to pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness in the area affected by the compressed nerve. The specific symptoms depend on the location of the bulging disc. For example, a bulging disc in the cervical spine (neck) may cause pain that radiates into the shoulders and arms, while a bulging disc in the lumbar spine (lower back) may affect the lower back, buttocks, or legs.

Pain from a bulging disc may be aggravated by certain movements, especially bending, lifting, or sitting for extended periods. Activities that increase pressure on the spine can also make symptoms worse.

To diagnose a bulging disc, your doctor will perform a physical examination and may order imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan. They will also ask about your symptoms and medical history to help determine the source of your discomfort.

Treatment for a bulging disc typically begins with conservative, non-surgical methods. These may include rest, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, posture correction, and hot or cold therapy. In many cases, symptoms can improve over time with consistent care and lifestyle modifications. In more severe cases where conservative treatment does not provide relief, other interventions such as epidural steroid injections or surgery may be considered.